South Merit College Patho-Pharmacology Proctored Exam Practice Questions

Select one answer.

• jugular vein distention.
• peripheral edema.
• decreased systemic vascular resistance.
• pulmonary congestion.

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• Decreased cardiac output
• Decreased vascular resistance
• Hypovolemia
• Vasoconstriction

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• the cells of the myocardium become hypertrophic.
• the resulting hypoxia leads to ischemic injury and myocardial cell death.
• there is a temporary alteration in electrolyte balance that can be corrected.
• there is too much pressure on the heart and the ventricles begin to dysfunction.

(Select All that Apply.)

• oliguria.
• increased heart rate.
• wet cough.
• confusion.
• jugular venous distention.

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• lipid-laden mast cells that have a soap-like texture.
• macrophages that engulf low-density lipoproteins (LDLs).
• injured neutrophil clots.
• deposited adipose cells.

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• Abnormally dilated arteries and veins
• Arterial wall thinning and weakening
• Autonomic nervous system imbalances
• Abnormal thickening and hardening of vessel walls

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• Cardiac output has fallen below normal levels.
• The vagus nerve is stimulated.
• Myocardial stretch has exceeded the upper limits.
• The myocardial oxygen supply has fallen below demand.

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• Potassium
• Magnesium
• Calcium
• Sodium

Select one answer.

• an increase in antithrombotic substances.
• congenital heart disease.
• endothelial injury and inflammation.
• high serum potassium levels.